A case of pyelonephritis with threatening renal failure was cured with China. The 33-year old patient had been treated with various homeopathic remedies such as Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, and Berberis for kidney and bladder complaints over the previous two years. Frequent colds aggravated the bladder and kidney complaints. Her general condition had improved gradually over the two years. The original massive leukocyturia, erythrocyturia and occasional albuminuria gradually improved until the urinary findings became negative, but the patient remained unwell. The patient caught a severe cold which turned to pyelonephritis. The patient reacted unreasonably and obstinately to all the doctor's suggestions, such as bed rest. Pains in the kidneys aggravated on bending the body and frequent thirst for small quantities of cold water were the modalities that led Apis and China. The mind symptoms of China fitted the patient better than Apis, so China 18Q was given. Improvement occurred after 6 hours, and she continued to improve. She received increasing potencies of China Q21, Q24, Q27 and her condition is now stable.